This is a Hypertext Application Language (HAL) client to be used in Angular projects.

Installation

Using npm:

$ npm install @granito/ngx-hal-client --save
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Building from source

$ git clone https://github.com/granito-source/ngx-hal-client.git
$ cd ngx-hal-client
$ npm install
$ npm run build
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Running the tests

$ npm tests
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Basic usage

For illustrative purposes, let's assume that your Angular application needs to work with the following HAL API.

The root entry point is /api/v1. When one executes GET on this URI, the returned object looks like

{
    "apiVersion": "1.7.21",
    "_links": {
        "self": {
            "href": "/api/v1"
        },
        "messages": {
            "href": "/api/v1/messages"
        }
    }
}
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In other words, it exposes the implementation version and declares one link to work with a collection of messages. When one executes GET on /api/v1/messages the API returns a collection page like this

{
    "start": 0,
    "_links": {
        "self": {
            "href": "/api/v1/messages?start=0"
        },
        "next": {
            "href": "/api/v1/messages?start=2"
        }
    },
    "_embedded": {
        "selected" : {
            "id": 0,
            "text": "Then what do they call it?",
            "_links": {
                "self": {
                    "href": "/api/v1/messages/0"
                }
            }
        },
        "items": [
            {
                "id": 0,
                "text": "Then what do they call it?",
                "_links": {
                    "self": {
                        "href": "/api/v1/messages/0"
                    },
                    "next": {
                        "href": "/api/v1/messages/1"
                    },
                }
            },
            {
                "id": 1,
                "text": "They call it Royale with Cheese.",
                "_links": {
                    "self": {
                        "href": "/api/v1/messages/1"
                    },
                    "prev": {
                        "href": "/api/v1/messages/0"
                    }
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}
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Setup Angular HTTP Client

HAL Client uses Angular HTTP Client. You have to configure HTTP Client using dependency injection before HAL Client can be used. The modern way of doing it using providers in app.config.ts is shown below.

import { provideHttpClient, withFetch } from '@angular/common/http';

export const appConfig: ApplicationConfig = {
    providers: [
        provideHttpClient(withFetch())
    ]
};
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For other ways please refer to Setting up HttpClient in the Angular documentation.

Define resources

Then you need to have some resources defined, e.g. the root resource for your API hierarchy. If your root resource does not have any properties, you can just use Resource. Otherwise, like in our sample API, extend Resource class as needed.

import { Resource } from '@granito/ngx-hal-client';

export class ApiRoot extends Resource {
    readonly apiVersion!: string;
}
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and

import { Resource } from '@granito/ngx-hal-client';

export class Message extends Resource {
    readonly id!: number;

    readonly text!: string;

    withText(text: string): Message {
        return this.clone({ text });
    }
}
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Collections are represented by Collection resource.

Read the root resource

HAL Client defines Accessor object to give access to HAL resources. In order to access the root entry point of the API, you need to get its accessor first using HalClientService and then read the API root resource. Normally you would keep the root entry point of the API as your application's state, e.g. in a ReplaySubject.

import { Injectable } from '@angular/core';
import { HalClientService } from '@granito/ngx-hal-client';
import { Observable, ReplaySubject } from 'rxjs';
import { ApiRoot } from './api-root';

@Injectable({ providedIn: 'root' })
export class ApiRootService {
    private readonly apiRoot$ = new ReplaySubject<ApiRoot>(1);

    get apiRoot(): Observable<ApiRoot> {
        return this.apiRoot$.asObservable();
    }

    constructor(client: HalClientService) {
        client.root('/api/v1').read(ApiRoot).subscribe(
            api => this.apiRoot$.next(api));
    }
}
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Following links

Once you have at least one resource instance, e.g. the API root from the example above, you can follow links available in the resource to get accessors for the linked resources.

@Injectable({ providedIn: 'root' })
export class MessageService {
    private messages$: Observable<Accessor | undefined>;

    constructor(apiRootService: ApiRootService) {
        this.messages$ = apiRootService.apiRoot.pipe(
            follow('messages')
        );
    }
}
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In the example above, messages$ observable will emit either the accessor to the collection of messages or undefined if the API root does not have messages link.

CRUD operations

Accessor and Resource objects allow you to execute CRUD operations using HAL API. Some operations are defined on both objects and work identically, some are defined only on Resource, and some are available in both but have a bit different syntax and semantic.

Read collection

Now that you have an accessor for the collection of messages, you can read the collection and access its elements.

    readFirst(): Observable<Message | undefined> {
        return this.messages$.pipe(
            take(1),
            readCollection(Message),
            map(collection => collection?.values[0])
        );
    }
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The example above shows how to access the first message in the collection if it exists.

Read resource

Messages are resources, and they may have their own links. You can read resources referenced by these links as shown below.

    private current$: Observable<Message>;
    ...
    readNext(): Observable<Message> {
        return this.current$.pipe(
            take(1),
            follow('next'),
            read(Message)
        );
    }
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The example shows how to access the next message in the thread if it exists.

Refresh

The library provides refresh() RxJS operator to execute a read operation on the resource using its self link. For example, here is how you can refresh the API root in ApiRootService.

    refresh(): void {
        this.apiRoot$.pipe(
            take(1),
            refresh()
        ).subscribe(api => this.apiRoot$.next(api));
    }
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Create resource

To create a new message, you can use create() operator.

    post(message: { text: string; }): Observable<Accessor | undefined> {
        return this.messages$.pipe(
            take(1),
            create(message)
        );
    }
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Two things are worth mentioning here. First, the object passed to create() operator does not have to be a Resource. Second, if the POST operation returns the URI for the newly created resource in the Location header, then the observable will emit an accessor for this resource. You can use it to read the resource immediately after it is created, e.g. by using read() operator.

Update resource

Resource instances can be updated in the API by using update() operator.

    private current$: Observable<Message>;
    ...
    edit(text: string): Observable<Message> {
        return this.current$.pipe(
            take(1),
            update(message => message.withText(text)),
            read(Message)
        );
    }
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On successful completion the observable will emit an accessor for the resource, which can be used to obtain a fresh copy of it from the API.

Delete resource

And finally, resources and collections can be deleted using del() operator.

    private current$: Observable<Message>;
    ...
    deleteCurrent(): Observable<void> {
        return this.current$.pipe(
            take(1),
            del()
        );
    }
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Access embedded resources

Resource offers two methods to access embedded HAL resources. In order to access embedded arrays, you can use getArray() method.

    array(messages: Collection<Message>): Message[] | undefined {
        return messages.getArray(Message, 'items');
    }
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To get a single embedded object, you can use get() method.

    one(messages: Collection<Message>): Message | undefined {
        return messages.get(Message, 'selected');
    }
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Note, Collection is a subclass of Resource, so both methods can be used just fine. Also, it is worth mentioning, that using get() on an embedded array will return the first element, and using getArray() on a single embedded resource will return an array containing the resource.